Win11 解决 WSL2 无法启动报错

2026-03-31

原始故障

迁移到 Win11 后发现无法使用复制到 RamDisk 内存盘的 ub20.vhdx 镜像启动 WSL2，报错为 E_ACCESSDENIED
马上使用管理员权限启动 wsl ，失败
过一段时间使用管理员权限启动 wsl，成功

很奇葩的问题，发现不移动 vhdx 的话就能用，长期以为是 RamDisk 的问题。今天想了一下，去手动排查了权限，发现普通用户只有完全权限，手动给予就可以从 ramdisk/ub20.vhdx 启动 wsl 了，上网也搜到了类似的解决方案。

自动化解决方案

整理为了一个 powershell 脚本，修改为实际路径，右键 使用 Powershell 运行 即可，操作步骤：

复制 wsl 镜像到内存盘
修改权限
建立软链

wsl.ps1

# Run as Administrator required
# Self-elevate if not running as Administrator
if (-not ([Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal][Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()).IsInRole([Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator)) {
    Start-Process PowerShell -ArgumentList "-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File `"$PSCommandPath`"" -Verb RunAs
    exit
}

# ============================================
$wslDir = "R:\wsl"
$source = "D:\wsl\ubuntu20\20rust.vhdx"
$dest   = "R:\wsl\20rust.vhdx"
$linkPath = "D:\wsl\ubuntu20\ext4.vhdx"
# ============================================

if (-not (Test-Path $wslDir)) {
    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $wslDir -Force
    Write-Host "Created: $wslDir"
}

Write-Host "Copying file, please wait..."
Copy-Item -Path $source -Destination $dest -Force
Write-Host "Done: $dest"

$acl = Get-Acl -Path $dest
$rule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule(
    "BUILTIN\Users",
    "FullControl",
    "None",
    "None",
    "Allow"
)
$acl.AddAccessRule($rule)
Set-Acl -Path $dest -AclObject $acl
Write-Host "ACL set: FullControl granted to Users"

if (Test-Path $linkPath) {
    Remove-Item -Path $linkPath -Force
    Write-Host "Removed old link: $linkPath"
}

New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path $linkPath -Target $dest
Write-Host "Symlink created: $linkPath -> $dest"

Write-Host "All done."

参考

WSL2 启动报错“拒绝访问“ E_ACCESSDENIED 完整解决方案